First cultivated along the Yangtze River, China, rice the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world’s human population, especially in Asia. It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production. All forms of Asian rice, both indica and japonica, sprang from a single domestication event that occurred 13,500 to 8,200 years ago in China from the wild rice Oryza rufipogon. A more recent population genomic study indicates that japonica was domesticated first, and that indica rice arose when japonica arrived in India about 4,500 years ago and hybridized with an undomesticated proto-indica or wild O. nivara.